What is Hyperinflation?

Hyperinflation is exceptionally fast or unmanageable increase in prices - a condition largely brought about by disproportionate deficit spending via excessive printing of money. Hyperinflation greatly reduces the value of currency and renders it unusable as a medium of exchange. Statistically, hyperinflation occurs when a country's inflation rate exceeds 50 percent over the period of a month. Although a rare occurrence, hyperinflation, has already affected major economies several times in the past century.

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What Causes Hyperinflation?

In the context of economic downturns, hyperinflation is brought about by a substantial increase in the supply of currency on the one hand, and a poor gross domestic product (GDP) growth on the other, thus leading to a huge disparity between supply and demand of currency. Unless controlled, hyperinflation will cause unnatural spike in prices of commodities following the fall of the currency. During hyperinflation, price increases can be measured on a daily basis. This is in sharp contrast to normal inflation, where price increases are measured on a monthly basis. During military conflicts, hyperinflation may be brought about by diminishing faith in a currency's capability to preserve its value in the aftermath of the conflict. This is the reason why sellers often mandate the payment of a risk premium (via inflated prices of commodities) to accept payments in terms of the affected currency. This abrupt increase in prices invariably brings about hyperinflation.

Hyperinflation Is a Manufactured Catastrophe

Hyperinflation and the resultant loss in confidence of citizens in a country's currency results in mass hoarding of commodities that are perceived as essential or invaluable. Hoarding causes scarcity of essential commodities such as food and fuel and results in abrupt increase in their prices. The governments resultant push to print more currency to balance commodity prices through a steady cash flow only aggravates the problem.

Effects of Hyperinflation

Hyperinflation has several cascading consequences. Hoarding of essential commodities causes an immediate scarcity and as a result, it leads to abrupt increase in prices. People also tend to hoard money instead of depositing it in banks, affecting financial institutions to such an extent that many go bankrupt. The government loses revenue significantly, thus affecting its capability to provide even basic amenities to its citizens.

Related Topics

• Inflation
• Core Inflation
• Cost Push Inflation
• Demand Pull Inflation
• Wage Push Inflation
• Inflation Spiral (Wage-Price Spiral)
• Agflation
• Basket of Goods and Services
• Indexing and Index Number
• Base Year
• Consumer Price Index
• Substitution Bias
• Quality / New Goods Bias
• Core Inflation Index
• Producer Price Index
• International Price Index
• Employment Cost Index
• Buying Power Index
• Breakfast Index
• Employment Cost Index
• Producer Price Index
• Capital Goods Price Index
• Farm (Agricultural) Price Index
• Harmonized Index of Consumer Prices
• Repeated Sales Method (Real Estate)
• GDP Deflator
• Deflation
• Pigou Effect
• Hyperinflation (Economics)
• Biflation
• Inflation and Redistribution of Purchasing Power
• Inflation Blurs Price Signals
• Inflation Affects Long-Term Planning
• What are the Benefits of Inflation?
• Indexing and Index Number
• Cost of Living Allowance
• Adjustable Rate Mortgage