What is an Acquisition, Development, and Construction (ADC) loan?

An Acquisition Development and Construction loan, or ADC Loan, is a loan which covers the acquisition, development and the construction aspects of a project. Developers use it in purchasing a parcel of land, installing the utility and the street services and then in constructing buildings.

How is an ADC Loan Used?

ADC credits are typically used in purchasing real estate and then making improvements on the units necessary to create a completed site. A part of the loan is generally for acquiring undeveloped land and then making improvements on it. These improvements may include road constructions and sewer developments, etc. There are also sufficient reserves. In conventional acquisition and development loans, full funds for the project are not provided. Sometimes the developer is also required to make significant initial contributions, which are usually in cash. Other times developers may decide to use collateral like mortgages, and in this case, the ADC loans are approved even though the proportion of funds provided usually is lower than usual. The size of funds to be lent depend on the location of the land, the area, regional economy as well as the political situation that surrounds the area. Sometimes the developers make changes to the land partitions before they decide to request the ADC loans. These loans are only secured by real estate, and so real estate must be acquired and developed. The primary considerations of the lender apart from the land are:

• The cost to be incurred when quickly selling the land if the project fails;
• The likelihood of the plan developers quitting the program;
• The availability of a guarantee of an additional loan;
• The balance between the flow of cash and the developers

The lenders also consider the exit strategy of the developer. This is because the lenders are willing to take on the risk of a project if only the developer can prove the sustainability and profitability of that development project. Therefore new developers or the developers entering a new field should come up with a plan that is viable and detailed to convince the creditors about the project time and profitability. Due to the complexity and high risk of land development, conventional ADC loans have many provisions that protect lenders, and this may affect a developer's opportunities and risks. Because of this reason, developers usually work with lawyers who have experience in ADC financing to help them gain an advantage in this field. As an illustration, if the property being developed is not sold, the loan contract requires the developer to accept the loan and pay the minimum payment before the lender sells the developed part without interfering with the lender. The developers faced with this type of debt have to understand their future obligations and how this loan affects their ability to sell the completed parts of the project.

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