Theories for Group Formation

Various theories exist concerning the reason that informal groups arise. Several common theories are discussed below.

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What is Propinquity Theory? 

This theory says that individuals form informal social groups based upon their physical proximity or closeness to other group members. 

What is Homan's Interaction Theory? 

This theory says that informal groups arise as a result of individual interaction, common activities, and personal sentiments that attach as a result of pursuant to a common group goal. 

What is Balance Theory? 

This theory says that individuals associated based upon similarities or commonalities in how they address similar objectives or goals. If these common characteristics disappear, the group is generally dissolved. 

What is Exchange Theory?

This theory says that individuals associated based upon perceived cost-benefit (reward). That is individuals receive some benefits from association (such as personal satisfaction or gratification). The drive to be in this group is measured against the cost associated with affiliation (such as effort, anxiety, embarrassment, discomfort, etc.).