What is Strategic Stakeholder Management?

Strategic Stakeholder Management, described by Berman, Wicks, Kotha, Jones (1999), seeks to maximize shareholder value over an uncertain time frame through key stakeholder relationships.

What is the Direct Effects Model? 

In the direct effects model, the attitudes and the actions of managers toward stakeholders (their stakeholder orientation) are perceived as having a direct effect on firm financial performance, independent of the corporate strategy. 

What is the Moderation Model? 

In the moderation model, the managerial orientation toward stakeholders does impact the corporate strategy by moderating the relationship between strategy and financial performance.