Academic Research on Duty Drawback Programs

• A conceptualisation of direct and indirect impact of export promotionprogramson export performance of SMEs and entrepreneurial ventures, Shamsuddoha, A. K., Ali, M. Y., & Ndubisi, N. O. (2009). International Journal of Entrepreneurship,13, 87. This paper provides a conceptual framework for understanding the direct and indirect impact of government export promotion programs (EPPs) on export performance of small and medium-sized enterprises and entrepreneurial ventures. Using internationalization process theory and resource-based theory, the authors conceptualize the direct role of EPPs on a number of organizational- and management-related factors. The findings will help provide direction for future researchers, executives, and policy-makers.
• An institutional analysis of the design and sequence of trade and investment policy reform, Levy, B. (1993). The World Bank Economic Review,7(2), 247-262. This article examines the various approaches that different countries use when attempting to dismantle trade barriers and encourage investment. The organizational and political demands are considered, as are economic and political reform movements around the globe.
• The rules for foreign investment in NAFTA, Rugman, A. M. (1998).Latin American Business Review,1(1), 77-94. This article examines the rules regarding foreign direct investment (FDI) under the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). The author provides a general overview of these new rules and discusses their implication for regional trade within NAFTA as well as the possibility of future investment and trading blocks.
• The protectionist bias ofdutydrawbacks: evidence from Mercosur, Cadot, O., De Melo, J., & Olarreaga, M. (2003). Journal of International Economics,59(1), 161-182. This article shows how duty drawbacks and tariffs can have significant effects on exporters who use imported intermediates in their production. The effect of drawbacks on lobbying, counter-lobbying and external tariffs is also examined. 
• Global multiproduct productiondistribution planning with duty drawbacks, Oh, H. C., & Karimi, I. A. (2006). AIChE Journal,52(2), 595-610. This article seeks to identify a gap in current research by addressing how duty drawbacks play into a firms supply chain. The authors introduce the drawbacks and explain their importance, then follow with a linear model of the chemical industry that incorporates a variety of regulatory factors. Through this model they show the importance of incorporating duty drawbacks into planning and distribution models.
• Are duty drawbacks on exports worth the hassle?, Ianchovichina, E. (2007). Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d'conomique,40(3), 881-913. This paper offers a critical analysis on the use of export drawbacks. As there is no solid consensus about these programs, the author analyzes the pros and cons in regards to welfare effect and the drawbacks relationship to current WTO agreements. 
• Designing e-commerce cross-border distribution networks for small and medium-size enterprises incorporating Canadian and US trade incentive programs, Gessner, G. H., & Snodgrass, C. R. (2015). Research in Transportation Business & Management,16, 84-94. This paper explores new incentive programs to help build e-commerce trade for small and medium-sized companies trading between the U.S. and Canada. The author examines the current program that each country has in place to encourage e-commerce. Implications regarding these programs and recommendations for future programs are also discussed. 
• Duty Drawbackand Regional Trade Agreements: Foes or Friends?, Shadikhodjaev, S. (2013). Journal of International Economic Law,16(3), 587-611. This article offers a legal assessment of the drawback plans that are used to promote the overseas sales of products under regional trade agreements (RTAs). That author concludes that the non-drawback rule in many RTAs can have negative implications for non-parties and lacks WTO justification, and should be liberalized.  
• Trade Policy Reform, Nash, J., & Takacs, W. (1998). Lessons and Implications, Washington DC, The World Bank Regional and Sectoral Studies. This report from the late 1990s offers a comprehensive look at the status of trade policy reform. The authors discuss the macro view of trade policy reform before examining reform via regionalism, trade expansion, safeguards, labor markets, and agriculture. Proposals for future trade reform are also offered. 
• Export trade incentives and export growth nexus: Evidence from Ethiopia, Fanta, A. B., & Teshale, G. B. (2014). British Journal of Economics, Management and Trade,4(1), 111-128. This paper attempts to examine the type and trend of export incentive schemes and their effect on export growth in Ethiopia. Study Design: The authors try to shed light on whether and to what extent financial and fiscal incentives provided by the Ethiopian government have led to export growth in the country. They use time series data on financial incentives, fiscal incentives, export volume, export value, export diversification, GDP growth rate, and real effective exchange rate covering the period 2003 to 2011.
• Rules of Origin in East Asia, Kirk, R. (2007). PREFERENTIAL RULES OF ORIGIN, 3. This research report examines the rules of origin (ROO) as they apply to East Asia. ROOs help establish the eligible partners in free trade areas (FTAs). The author offers an individual look at each of the states that make up the East Asia FTA. Profiles, current agreements, and recommendations for future trading positions are offered for each country.