Assault and Battery - Explained
What is an Assault? Battery? How are they related?
Written by J. Mance Gordon
Updated at April 20th, 2024
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What is Assault and Battery?
Two commonly recognized intentional torts are assault and battery.
A battery is a non-consensual and harmful or offensive touching.
An assault is putting someone in the apprehension of a battery.
What is Assault?
Acting to place another person in immediate apprehension of a harmful or offensive physical contact.
There are several elements to this tort.
First, the individual must intentionally act and the action cannot be unconscious or inadvertent.
Second, the individual witnessing the act must sense or apprehend immediate contact.
Apprehension is more than fear. While the individual may also be scared, fear or intimidation is not required; rather, she only need be aware that a touching is likely to ensue.
The apprehension of the touching is judged by a reasonable person standard. That is, would a reasonable person believe that physical contact is imminent.
Lastly, the contact must be harmful or offensive. Offensiveness is judged based upon a reasonable person in the individual's situation.
- Example: A person picks up a baseball bat and begins walking toward another person in a menacing manner. If the second individual reasonably believes that the first individual is going to hit him with the baseball bat, this is an assault. The second individual is in immediate apprehension of a harmful touching. The same situation could apply if the second individual believed that she would be touched inappropriately (such as groping of fondling), which would be considered offensive touching.
What is a Battery?
A battery is an illegal touching of another.
The touching is harmful or offensive and done without justification and without the consent of the person touched.
A battery often accompanies an assault.
- Example: In the above example, actually hitting the individual with the bat or touching the individual in an unwanted sexual manner would be a battery.
- Note: An individual can be assaulted but not battered (and vice versa). A battery without an assault occurs when the individual was not aware in advance or did not see the battery coming.
Related Topics
- Tort Law (Intro)
- What are Torts?
- What are the types of torts?
- What are Intentional Torts?
- Unintentional Tort
- Assault and Battery?
- Intentional Infliction of Emotions Distress?
- Invasion of Privacy?
- False Imprisonment?
- Malicious Prosecution?
- Trespass?
- Conversion?
- Defamation?
- Defenses to Defamation?
- Absolute Privilege
- Defamation and 1st Amendment Considerations?
- Fraud?
- Intentional Interference with Contractual Relations?
- What is Negligence?
- Negligence A Duty of Care?
- Negligence Breach of Duty of Care?
- Causation?
- Cause-in-Fact
- What are common defenses to negligence actions?
- What is Strict Liability?
- Strict Liability Causes of Action Examples
- Strict Products Liability
- What defenses exist to strict product liability actions?
- Compensatory damages?
- Punitive damages?
- Treble Damages