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Overview of Employment Discrimination

Employment discrimination is a specific area of employment law. Numerous federal or state statutes provide for protected classes of individuals based upon innate characteristics. Employment discrimination law protects employees who fit into these classes from discrimination by their employer based upon these characteristics. This chapter defines the purpose of employment discrimination law and the role of the federal and state governments in its enforcement. It then identifies the major federal employment discrimination laws and the agencies charged with their administration. All of these laws establish rights for covered employees and place affirmative obligations upon covered employers.

VOCABULARY & CONCEPTS

  • Employment Discrimination 

    • Role of State Law
  • The Civil Rights Act of 1964 

    • Title VII 
    • Enforcement Actions

      • EEOC
    • Disparate Treatment
    • Disparate Impact
    • Retaliation
  • Sexual Orientation & Gender Identification Discrimination 
  • Civil Rights Act of 1866 (1981 Act)
  • The Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA)
  • Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)
  • The Rehabilitation Act
  • Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act (GINA) 
  • Uniformed Services Employment and Redeployment Act (USERRA)
  • The Health Insurance Portability Accountability Act of 1996
  • The Affordable Care Act of 2014
  • Title VII Actions
    • Race-Based Discrimination
    • National-Origin Discrimination
    • Religious Discrimination
    • Sex-Based Discrimination

      • Sexual Harassment
      • Hostile Work Environment
      • Equal Pay Act
      • Pregnancy Discrimination Act
  • Affirmative Action