Commercial Law: Contract, Payments, Security Interests, & Bankruptcy

Legal concepts related to commercial law, including contracts, payment systems, security interests, and business bankruptcy.

• Attachment of a Security Interest - Explained
• Deeds of Trust and Security Deed - Explained
• Land Sale Contracts - Explained
• Perfection of a Security Interest - Explained
• Security Interest in Personal Property - Explained
• Security Interest - Explained
• Statute of Frauds - Explained
• Exceptions to the Statute of Frauds - Explained
• Terminating an Offer (Contracts) - Explained
• Voidability of a Contract - Explained
• Consideration - Explained
• Promissory Estoppel (Contract) - Explained
• Mailbox Rule for Contracts - Explained
• Lawful Purpose for Contracts - Explained
• Requirements to Form a Contract - Explained
• Express and Implied Contracts - Explained
• Executory vs Executed Contracts - Explained
• Enforceable vs Valid Contracts - Explained
• What is a Contract?
• Offer to Contract - Explained
• Mental Capacity to Contract - Explained
• Silence is Not Acceptance of an Offer - Explained
• Unilateral and Bilateral Contracts - Explained
• Third-Party Beneficiaries to a Contract - Explained
• Mirror Image Rule - Explained
• Assignment of a Contract - Explained
• Tender Performance of a Contract - Explained
• Performance, Substantial Performance, & Breach of Contract - Explained
• Parol Evidence Rule - Explained
• Impossibility and Impracticability (Contracts) - Explained
• Discharge from Contract - Explained
• Duty of Performance (Contract) - Explained
• Conditions Precedent and Subsequent - Explained
• Waiver or Release from Contract - Explained
• Organization of a Contract - Explained
• Influential Sources of Contract Law - Explained
• Accord and Satisfaction (Contract) - Explained
• Novation (Contract) - Explained
• Anticipatory Repudiation (Contracts) - Explained
• Establishing a Security Interest
• Extent of a Security Agreement
• Priority of Consumers Purchasing from Consumers
• Security Interest in Mobile Homes
• Security Interest Priority based on Consents, Disclaimers, and Rights to Remove
• Voidable Contract Scenarios - Explained
• Divisible Contract - Explained
• Supervening Frustration of Purpose - Explained
• Damages for Breach of Contract - Explained
• Complete and Partial Integrations (Contract) - Explained
• Exceptions to the Parol Evidence Rule - Explained
• Patent and Latent Ambiguities in a Contract - Explained
• Contract Law (Intro)
• Bankruptcy Law (Intro)
• Commercial Paper (Intro)
• Security Interests (Intro)
• Types of Commercial Paper - Explained
• Indorsement of a Negotiable Instrument - Explained
• Transfer of a Negotiable Instrument - Explained
• Presenting a Negotiable Instrument for Payment - Explained
• Liability to Pay a Negotiable Instrument - Explained
• Liability for Negotiable Instrument Signed by Agent - Explained
• Lost Negotiable Instruments - Explained
• Overdue Payment of Negotiable Instrument - Explained
• Negotiable Instrument - Effect on Underlying Contract
• What is a Holder in Due Course?
• Requirements for Holder in Due Course Status - Explained
• Holder of a Negotiable Instrument - Explained
• Holder in Due Course - Receive Instrument for Value
• Holder in Due Course - Receive Instrument in Good Faith
• Holder in Due Course - Notice of Valid Defense
• Holder in Due Course - Discharge of Underlying Obligation
• Shelter Principle and Negotiable Instruments - Explained
• Limit Holder in Due Course Status - Explained
• Personal Defenses to Negotiable Instrument - Explained
• Real Defenses to Payment of Negotiable Instrument - Explained
• Claim in Recoupment Applicable to Negotiable Instrument - Explained
• Holder in Due Course - Consumer Transactions - Explained
• Requirements for Negotiable Commercial Paper - Explained
• Forged Negotiable Instrument and Holder Status - Explained
• Negotiable Instrument - Accord and Satisfaction
• Liability for Warranties of Negotiable Instrument - Explained
• Drawer or Maker Liability to Pay Negotiable Instrument - Explained
• Transfer Warranty of Negotiable Instrument - Explained
• Indorser Liability for Negotiable Instrument - Explained
• Presentment Warranty of a Negotiable Instrument - Explained
• Warrantor Liability on Negotiable Instrument - Damages
• Unconditional Promise to Pay - Commercial Paper
• Warranty Liability Negotiable Instrument - Time Limitations
• Benefits of a Security Interest in Collateral - Explained
• Temporary Automatic Perfection in Proceeds from the Sale of Goods - Explained
• Security Interest in Assignment of Accounts Receivable or Contract Rights - Explained
• Perfection of a Security Interest by Possession - Explained
• Permanent Perfection of Purchase Money Security Interest - Explained
• Perfection of a Security Interest by Control - Explained
• Perfection by Filing Financing Statement - Explained
• Authorization Required to File Financing Statement - Explained
• Where to File a Financing Statement - Explained
• Priority (Security Interest) - Explained
• Perfection and Priority of a Security Interest - Explained
• Mortgage - Explained
• Priority Regarding Conflicts in Security Interests - Explained
• Priority of Parties Holding Statutory and Common Law Liens - Explained
• Priority of a Secured Party vs a Buyer of Collateral - Explained
• Protections of a Buyer in the Ordinary Course of Business - Explained
• Consumers Buying and Selling Goods Subject to Security Interest - Explained
• The Shelter Principle and Buyers of Collateral - Explained
• Priority Rules for Conflicting Security Interests - Explained
• Special Priority Rules for Proceeds from Sale of Collateral - Explained
• Priority when making Future Advances to a Debtor - Explained
• Priority of Purchase Money Security Interest in Collateral - Explained
• Rights of a Mortgage Lender Holding a Security Interest - Explained
• Purchase Money Security Interest in Inventory - Explained
• Priority of Multiple Purchase Money Security Interest - Explained
• Priority of Security Interest in Fixtures - Explained
• Priority of Fixture Filer vs Mortgage Holder - Explained
• Perfecting a Security Interest in Personal Property - Explained
• Security Interest in Real Property - Explained
• Automatic Perfection of a Security Interest in Goods - Explained
• Purchase Money Security Interest in Consumer Goods - Explained
• Purchase Money Grace Period for Secured Parties - Explained
• Bankruptcy - Explained
• Role of Trustee in Bankruptcy - Explained
• Types of Bankruptcy - Explained
• Automatic Stay of Proceedings in Bankruptcy - Explained
• Voluntary and Involuntary Bankruptcy Requirements - Explained
• Chapter 7 Bankruptcy Process - Explained
• Chapter 11 Bankruptcy Process - Explained
• Debtor in Possession - Authority to Accept or Reject Contracts
• Avoiding Powers of Debtor in Possession - Explained
• Authority of Debtor in Possession to Use Business Assets - Explained
• Authority of Debtor in Possession to Secure Post Petition Financing - Explained
• Appointment of Trustee or Examiner in Chapter 11 Bankruptcy - Explained
• Bankruptcy Plan of Reorganization - Explained
• Cramdown - Ch. 11 Bankruptcy - Explained
• Discharge of Debtor in Bankruptcy - Explained
• Primary Participants in Bankruptcy Process - Explained
• Key Concepts to Understand Bankruptcy Process - Explained
• Authority of the Bankruptcy Court - Explained
• Assets Included in the Bankruptcy Estate - Explained
• Section 362 Automatic Stay - Explained
• Negotiable Instruments - Payable On Time or On Demand
• Negotiable Instruments - Order or Bearer Paper
• Negotiable Instrument - How is Payee Identified
• Negotiable Instrument - General Rules of Interpretation
• How is Negotiable Instrument Negotiated?
• Battle of Forms in Contract Law - Explained
• Options Contract and Firm Offers - Exception to Consideration Requirement
• Types of Writing to Satisfy Statute of Frauds - Explained
• Negotiability of a Commercial Instrument - Explained
• Types of Indorsement of a Negotiable Instrument - Explained
• Breach of Contract - Explained
• Methods of Resolving Breach of Contract - Explained
• Efficient Breach of Contract - Explained
• Common Security Interests in Land - Explained
• Commercial Paper - Explained
• What Rules Govern the Bankruptcy Process - Explained
• Evergreen Contract - Explained
• E-Sign Act - Explained
• Force Majeure Clause - Explained
• Electronic Funds Transfers (EFT) - Explained
• Engagement Letter - Explained
• Red Herring (Securities) - Explained
• Non-Possessory Lien - Explained
• Quid Pro Quo - Explained
• Adhesion Contract - Explained
• How to Read a Contract - Explained
• Contract Warranties - Explained
• Assumpsit (Contract) - Explained
• Boilerplate (Contract law) - Explained
• Certified Check - Explained
• Cashier's Check - Explained
• Collateral (Security Interest) - Explained
• Cosign - Explained
• Cross Collateralization - Explained
• Cash Against Documents - Explained
• Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG) - Explained
• Guarantee or Surety - Explained
• Kiting (Fraud) - Explained
• Inflation Adjustment Clause - Explained
• Letter of Credit - Explained
• Letter of Indemnity - Explained
• Pari Passu - Explained
• Absolute Priority Rule - Explained
• Personal Guarantee - Explained
• Pledge as Collateral - Explained
• Aleatory Contract - Explained
• Standby Letter of Credit - Explained
• Surety - Explained
• Shrink-wrap Agreement - Explained
• Acceleration Clause (Contracts) - Explained
• Tax Lien - Explained
• Subordinated Debt - Explained
• Uniform Commercial Code - Explained
• Unsecured Loan - Explained
• Allonge - Explained
• Wire Transfer - Explained
• Acceptance Letter of Credit - Explained
• Uniform Customs and Practice - Explained
• Promissory Note - Explained
• Acceptance Market (International) - Explained
• Accommodation Bill - Explained
• Avalize - Explained
• Substitute Check - Explained
• Bank Draft - Explained
• Buyback Allowance (Contracts) - Explained
• Bulk Sales Law - Explained
• Acceptance of a Bill of Exchange - Explained
• UCC-1 Statement (Financing Statement) - Explained
• Inchoate (Contract) - Explained
• Backup Line of Credit - Explained
• Back-to-Back Letters of Credit - Explained
• Debtor in Possession - Explained
• After-Acquired Collateral - Explained
• Secondary Liability - Explained
• Secured Creditor - Explained
• Commercial Paper Funding Program - Explained
• Repudiation (Contract) - Explained
• Rescission (Contract) - Explained
• Continuation Statement - Explained
• Contract Theory - Explained
• Sight Draft - Explained
• Subcontracting - Explained
• Unencumbered (Assets) - Explained
• Unperfected Lien - Explained
• Subordination Agreement - Explained
• Bill of Sale - Explained
• Banker's Acceptance - Explained
• Barter - Explained
• Payment in Kind - Explained
• Cash With Order - Explained
• Counterparty to a Contract - Explained
• Covenant (Contract) - Explained
• Letter of Guarantee - Explained
• Accommodation Endorsement - Explained
• Possessory Lien - Explained
• Preferred Debt - Explained
• Sum Certain (Contracts) - Explained
• Escalation Clause (Contract) - Explained
• Abandonment Option (Contract) - Explained
• Construction Lien - Explained
• Exculpatory Clause - Explained
• Reorganization - Explained
• Accommodation Paper - Explained
• Remittance Letter - Explained
• Silent Automatic Lien - Explained
• Unsecured Creditor - Explained
• Irrevocable Letter of Credit - Explained
• Insolvency - Explained
• Privity (Contract law) - Explained
• Bankruptcy Financing - Explained
• Bankruptcy Abuse Prevention and Consumer Protection Act - Explained
• Addendum (Contract) - Explained
• Click-Wrap Agreement - Explained
• Blanket Lien - Explained
• Collateralization - Explained
• Meeting of the Minds - Explained
• Mechanic's Lien - Explained
• Negotiable Instrument - Explained
• American Bankruptcy Institute - Explained
• Cooling Off Rule (Contract) - Explained
• Sight Letter of Credit - Explained
• Automated Clearing House (ACH) - Explained
• Limited Recourse Debt - Explained
• Chapter 12 Bankruptcy - Explained
• Chapter 15 Bankruptcy - Explained
• Chapter 9 Bankruptcy - Explained
• Convenience Check - Explained
• Bill of Exchange - Explained
• Lien - Explained
• Bank Endorsement - Explained
• Blank Endorsement - Explained
• Doctrine of Utmost Good Faith - Explained
• Competitive Tender - Explained
• Defeasance - Explained
• Exposure Draft - Explained
• Asset-Backed Commercial Paper - Explained
• Asset Backed Commercial Paper Money Market Fund Liquidity Facility - Explained
• Bearer Form - Explained
• Stolen Negotiable Instrument and Holder Status - Explained
• Guarantor or Surety of a Negotiable Instrument - Explained
• Proof of Claims in Bankruptcy Case - Explained
• Discharge of Warranties of Negotiable Instrument - Explained
• When a Contract Must be in Writing - Statute of Frauds
• Contract Performance, Breach, and Damages
• Defenses Against a Contract
• Contracts that Must Be in Writing
• Contracts and the Rights or Duties of Outsiders
• Interpreting What a Contract Means
• Performing a Contract
• Breach of Contract and Defenses
• Commercial Paper Explained
• Terms of Service or Terms of Use - Explained
• Usuance - Explained
• Competition in Contracting Act - Explained
• Undue Influence - Explained
• Service Level Agreement - Explained
• Concession Agreement - Explained