Commercial Law: Contract, Payments, Security Interests, & Bankruptcy

Legal concepts related to commercial law, including contracts, payment systems, security interests, and business bankruptcy.

• Attachment of a Security Interest
• Deeds of Trust and Security Deeds
• Land Sale Contracts - Definition
• Perfection of a Security Interest
• Security Interest in Personal Property
• Security Interest - Explained
• Statute of Frauds - Explained
• Exceptions to the Statute of Frauds
• Terminating an Offer (Contract Law)
• Voidability of a Contract
• What is Consideration?
• Promissory Estoppel (Contract) - Explained
• Mailbox Rule for Contracts
• Lawful Purpose for Contracts
• Requirements to Form a Contract
• Express and Implied Contracts - Explained
• Executory vs Executed Contracts
• Enforceable vs Valid Contracts
• What is a Contract?
• What is a Valid Offer to Contract?
• Mental Capacity to Contract
• Silence is Not Acceptance of an Offer
• Unilateral and Bilateral Contracts
• Third-Party Beneficiaries to a Contract
• Mirror Image Rule - Contracts
• Assignment of a Contract
• Tendering Performance of a Contract
• Performance, Substantial Performance, & Breach of Contract
• Parol Evidence Rule - Contract Law
• Impossibility and Impracticability - Contract Law
• Discharge from Contract
• Duty of Performance - Contract Law
• Conditions Under Contract (Precedent and Subsequent)
• Waiver or Release from Contract
• Organization of a Contract
• Influential Sources of Contract Law
• Accord and Satisfaction (Contract) - Explained
• Novation (Contract) - Explained
• Anticipatory Repudiation (Contracts)
• Establishing a Security Interest
• Extent of a Security Agreement
• Priority of Consumers Purchasing from Consumers
• Security Interest in Mobile Homes
• Security Interest Priority based on Consents, Disclaimers, and Rights to Remove
• Voidable Contract Scenarios
• What is a Divisible Contract?
• Supervening Frustration of Purpose (Contract Law)
• Damages in a Breach of Contract Action
• Contract - Complete and Partial Integrations
• Exceptions to the Parol Evidence Rule - Contract Law
• Patent and Latent Ambiguities in a Contract
• Contract Law (Intro)
• Bankruptcy Law (Intro)
• Commercial Paper (Intro)
• Security Interests (Intro)
• Types of Commercial Paper
• Indorsement of a Negotiable Instrument
• Transfer of a Negotiable Instrument
• Presenting a Negotiable Instrument for Payment
• Liability to Pay a Negotiable Instrument
• Liability for Negotiable Instrument Signed by Agent
• Lost Negotiable Instruments
• Overdue Payment of Negotiable Instrument
• Negotiable Instrument - Effect on Underlying Contract
• What is a Holder in Due Course?
• Requirements for Holder in Due Course Status
• Who is a Holder of a Negotiable Instrument?
• Holder in Due Course - Receive Instrument for Value
• Holder in Due Course - Receive Instrument in Good Faith
• Holder in Due Course - Notice of Valid Defense
• Holder in Due Course - Discharge of Underlying Obligation
• Shelter Principle and Negotiable Instruments
• Limit Holder in Due Course Status
• Personal Defenses to Negotiable Instrument
• Real Defenses to Payment of Negotiable Instrument
• Claim in Recoupment Applicable to Negotiable Instrument
• Holder in Due Course - Consumer Transactions
• Requirements for Negotiable Commercial Paper
• Forged Negotiable Instrument and Holder Status
• Negotiable Instrument - Accord and Satisfaction
• Liability for Warranties of Negotiable Instrument
• Drawer or Maker Liability to Pay Negotiable Instrument
• Transfer Warranty of Negotiable Instrument
• Indorser Liability for Negotiable Instrument
• Presentment Warranty of a Negotiable Instrument
• Warrantor Liability on Negotiable Instrument - Damages
• Unconditional Promise to Pay - Commercial Paper
• Warranty Liability Negotiable Instrument - Time Limitations
• Benefits of a Security Interest in Collateral
• Temporary Automatic Perfection in Proceeds from the Sale of Goods
• Security Interest in Assignment of Accounts Receivable or Contract Rights
• Perfection of a Security Interest by Possession
• Permanent Perfection of Purchase Money Security Interest
• Perfection of a Security Interest by Control
• Perfection of Security Interest by Filing Financing Statement
• Authorization Required to File Financing Statement
• Appropriate Office to File a Financing Statement
• What is Priority of a Security Interest?
• Perfection and Priority of a Security Interest
• What is a Mortgage?
• Priority Regarding Conflicts in Security Interests
• Priority of Parties Holding Statutory and Common Law Liens
• Priority of a Secured Party vs a Buyer of Collateral
• Protections of a Buyer in the Ordinary Course of Business
• Consumers Buying and Selling Goods Subject to Security Interest
• The Shelter Principle and Buyers of Collateral
• Priority Rules for Conflicting Security Interests
• Special Priority Rules for Proceeds from Sale of Collateral
• Priority when making Future Advances to a Debtor
• Priority of Purchase Money Security Interest in Collateral
• Rights of a Mortgage Lender Holding a Security Interest
• Purchase Money Security Interest in Inventory
• Priority of Multiple Purchase Money Security Interest
• Priority of Security Interest in Fixtures
• Priority of Fixture Filer vs Mortgage Holder
• Methods of Perfecting a Security Interest in Personal Property
• Establishing a Security Interest in Real Property (Land)
• Automatic Perfection of a Security Interest in Goods
• Purchase Money Security Interest in Consumer Goods
• Purchase Money Grace Period for Secured Parties
• What is Bankruptcy?
• Role of Trustee in Bankruptcy
• Types of Bankruptcy
• Automatic Stay of Proceedings in Bankruptcy
• Voluntary and Involuntary Bankruptcy Requirements
• Chapter 7 Bankruptcy Process
• Chapter 11 Bankruptcy Process
• Debtor in Possession - Authority to Accept or Reject Contracts
• Avoiding Powers of Debtor in Possession
• Authority of Debtor in Possession to Use Business Assets
• Authority of Debtor in Possession to Secure Post Petition Financing
• Appointment of Trustee or Examiner in Chapter 11 Bankruptcy
• Bankruptcy Plan of Reorganization
• Cramdown - Ch. 11 Bankruptcy (Video)
• Discharge of Debtor in Bankruptcy
• Primary Participants in Bankruptcy Process
• Key Concepts to Understand Bankruptcy Process
• What is the Authority of the Bankruptcy Court?
• Assets Included in the Bankruptcy Estate
• Section 362 Automatic Stay in Bankruptcy
• Negotiable Instruments - Payable On Time or On Demand
• Negotiable Instruments - Order or Bearer Paper
• Negotiable Instrument - How is Payee Identified
• Negotiable Instrument - General Rules of Interpretation
• How is Negotiable Instrument Negotiated?
• Battle of Forms - UCC - Acceptance of Offer to Contract
• Options Contract and Firm Offers - Exception to Consideration Requirement
• Types of Writing to Satisfy Statute of Frauds
• Negotiability of a Commercial Instrument
• Types of Indorsement of a Negotiable Instrument
• Breach of Contract
• Methods of Resolving Breach of Contract
• Efficient Breach of Contract
• Common Security Interests in Land
• What is Commercial Paper?
• What Rules Govern the Bankruptcy Process?
• Evergreen Contract - Definition
• E-Sign Act - Definition
• Force Majeure Clause - Definition
• Electronic Funds Transfers (EFT) - Definition
• Engagement Letter - Definition
• Red Herring (Securities) Definition
• Non-Possessory Lien - Definition
• Quid Pro Quo - Definition
• Adhesion Contract - Definition
• How to Read a Contract - Explained
• Contract Warranties - Explained
• Assumpsit - Definition
• Boilerplate (Contract law) - Definition
• Certified Check - Definition
• Cashier's Check - Explained
• Collateral (Security Interest) - Definition
• Cosign - Definition
• Cross Collateralization Definition
• Cash Against Documents - Definition
• Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG) - Definition
• Guarantee or Surety - Definition
• Kiting (Fraud) - Definition
• Inflation Adjustment Clause - Definition
• Letter of Credit - Definition
• Letter of Indemnity - Definition
• Pari Passu - Definition
• Absolute Priority Rule - Definition
• Personal Guarantee - Definition
• Pledge as Collateral - Definition
• Aleatory Contract - Definition
• Standby Letter of Credit - Definition
• Surety - Definition
• Shrinkwrap Agreement - Definition
• Acceleration Clause (Contracts) - Definition
• Tax Lien - Definition
• Subordinated Debt - Definition
• Uniform Commercial Code - Definition
• Unsecured Loan - Definition
• Allonge - Definition
• Wire Transfer - Definition
• Acceptance Letter of Credit - Definition
• Uniform Customs and Practice - Definition
• Promissory Note - Definition
• Acceptance Market (Finance) - Definition
• Accommodation Bill - Definition
• Avalize - Definition
• Substitute Check - Definition
• Bank Draft - Definition
• Buyback Allowance (Contracts) - Definition
• Bulk Sales Law - Definition
• Acceptance of a Bill of Exchange - Definition
• UCC-1 Statement (Financing Statement) - Definition
• Inchoate - Definition
• Backup Line of Credit - Definition
• Back-to-Back Letters of Credit - Definition
• Debtor in Possession - Definition
• After-Acquired Collateral - Definition
• Secondary Liability - Definition
• Secured Creditor - Definition
• Commercial Paper Funding Program - Definition
• Repudiation (Contract) - Definition
• Rescission (Contract) - Definition
• Continuation Statement - Definition
• Contract Theory - Definition
• Sight Draft - Definition
• Subcontracting - Definition
• Unencumbered - Definition
• Unperfected Lien - Definition
• Subordination Agreement - Definition
• Bill of Sale - Definition
• Banker's Acceptance - Definition
• Barter - Definition
• Payment in Kind - Definition
• Cash With Order - Definition
• Counterparty - Definition
• Covenant - Definition
• Letter of Guarantee - Definition
• Accommodation Endorsement - Definition
• Acceptance (Bill of Exchange) - Definition
• Possessory Lien - Definition
• Preferred Debt - Definition
• Sum Certain (Contracts) - Definition
• Escalator Clause - Definition
• Abandonment Option (Contract) - Definition
• Construction Lien - Definition
• Exculpatory Clause - Definition
• Reorganization - Definition
• Accommodation Paper - Definition
• Remittance Letter - Definition
• Silent Automatic Lien - Definition
• Unsecured Creditor - Definition
• Irrevocable Letter of Credit - Definition
• Insolvency - Definition
• Privity (Contract law) - Definition
• Bankruptcy Financing - Definition
• Bankruptcy Abuse Prevention and Consumer Protection Act - Definition
• Addendum (contract) - Definition
• Click-Wrap Agreement - Definition
• Blanket Lien - Definition
• Collateralization - Definition
• Meeting of the Minds - Definition
• Mechanic's Lien - Definition
• Negotiable Instrument - Definition
• American Bankruptcy Institute - Definition
• Cooling Off Rule - Definition
• Sight Letter of Credit - Definition
• WhatAutomated Clearing House (ACH) - Definition
• Limited Recourse Debt - Definition
• Chapter 12 Bankruptcy - Definition
• Chapter 15 Bankruptcy - Definition
• Chapter 9 Bankruptcy - Definition
• Convenience Check - Definition
• Bill of Exchange - Definition
• Lien - Definition
• Bank Endorsement - Definition
• Blank Endorsement - Definition
• Doctrine of Utmost Good Faith - Explained
• Competitive Tender - Definition
• Defeasance - Definition
• Exposure Draft - Definition & Explanation
• Asset-Backed Commercial Paper - Definition
• Asset Backed Commercial Paper Money Market Fund Liquidity Facility - Definition
• Bearer Form - Definition
• Stolen Negotiable Instrument and Holder Status
• Guarantor or Surety of a Negotiable Instrument
• Proof of Claims in Bankruptcy Case
• Discharge of Warranties of Negotiable Instrument
• When a Contract Must be in Writing - Statute of Frauds
• Contract Performance, Breach, and Damages
• Defenses Against a Contract
• Contracts that Must Be in Writing
• Contracts and the Rights or Duties of Outsiders
• Interpreting What a Contract Means
• Performing a Contract
• Breach of Contract and Defenses
• Commercial Paper Explained
• Further Assurance Clause - Definition
• Terms of Service or Terms of Use - Definition
• Usuance - Definition
• Competition in Contracting Act - Definition
• Undue Influence - Definition